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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Titir (? -y-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"female camelface="Times New Roman Star"ñàìêà âåðáëþäàface="Times New Roman Star"titir (OUygh. - YB)face="Times New Roman Star"titir (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"titir (Houts.)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 458-459.
face="Times New Roman Star"*doluface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hailface="Times New Roman Star"ãðàäface="Times New Roman Star"toly (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"toly (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"dolu
face="Times New Roman Star"toly (MA), tolu (Sangl., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"du.liface="Times New Roman Star"toly (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"doluface="Times New Roman Star"doly, (À-Á) do:lyface="Times New Roman Star"ton|-dol (ton|- 'frozen')

face="Times New Roman Star"to^ly
face="Times New Roman Star"tolonface="Times New Roman Star"tolotface="Times New Roman Star"dolu

face="Times New Roman Star"doly (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"tolu



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 486, EDT 491, ÝÑÒß 3, 260-261, Ëåêñèêà 31-32, Stachowski 226. Cf. also *Tol/ 'ice' (Tuva dos?, Tof. do"s?, Oyr. tos? Ëåêñèêà 18, VEWT 491, ÝÑÒß 3, 267).
face="Times New Roman Star"*du"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"drumface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàáàí
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"mru"g (MK Oghuz.)face="Times New Roman Star"du"mru" (Osm.), du"mbek
face="Times New Roman Star"du"mbek























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 509, VEWT 504-505.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"d-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 lust, sexual passion 2 to feel lust 3 passion 4 oestrumface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîëîâîå âëå÷åíèå 2 ÷óâñòâîâàòü âëå÷åíèå 3 ñòðàñòü, òîñêà 4 òå÷êàface="Times New Roman Star"o"dlen- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"d|ig (MK, KB) 1, o"d|len- 2 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"o"d|u"g (Qutb) 1, o"jge (Pav. C.) 4



face="Times New Roman Star"o"jer- 'to espouse' (caus.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"zel@s 3


face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|rge 3



face="Times New Roman Star"(z?|u"ro"gu"n) o"ju"- 'to be worried, frustrated'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 50, 58, VEWT 518.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kel/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"quiverface="Times New Roman Star"êîë÷àíface="Times New Roman Star"kes? (OUygh., Yenis.)face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (Qutb., MA, IM)









face="Times New Roman Star"kesex (Ïåê.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xes? (Todzh., Ðàñ. ÔèË 188)face="Times New Roman Star"xes? 1face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (R)




face="Times New Roman Star"kes?, kes


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ÝÑÒß 5, 60-61 (see ibid. the literature on the history of arms). {Cf. Russ. êîë÷àí < unattested Bulg.?}
face="Times New Roman Star"*KEmekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of striped cloth for making upper clothesface="Times New Roman Star"âèä ïîëîñàòîé òêàíè äëÿ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ âåðõíåé îäåæäû
face="Times New Roman Star"kemek (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 722. The isolated OT word may be borrowed from Eastern Iranian: cf. Pers. kamxa < Chin. gimhua (see VEWT 229 on further loans: Pers. > Turkic kamka > Russ. êàìêà 'striped silk cloth'). Cf. other similar cases (like Sak. kamais?ka > MK kemis?ge etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kergu"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"paunchface="Times New Roman Star"ñåòêà æåëóäêà
face="Times New Roman Star"kergu"k (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"kergijek










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 742, Ðàñ. ÔèË. 203.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sub-luk (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"turbanface="Times New Roman Star"òþðáàí
face="Times New Roman Star"suvluq (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 788.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su":c?i-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sweetface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëàäêèé 2 ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñëàäêèìface="Times New Roman Star"su"c?ig 'sweet' (Orkh.), su"c?u"g 'wine; sweet' (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"su"c?i- 'to be sweet' (MK, KB), su"cig (MK, KB, IM) 'wine, sweet'face="Times New Roman Star"su"z?|i (Osm.), su"z?|u" 'wine'face="Times New Roman Star"to"c?e 'insipid, sweet'face="Times New Roman Star"su"c?u"g 'sweet, wine' (Qutb, Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"suc?uk ? c?uc?uk 'sweet, insipid', c?uc?u- 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"c?u"k ? c?u"c?u"k 1, c?u"c?u"- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"su"jz?|i 1, su"jz?|e- 2








face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"c?u" 1

face="Times New Roman Star"so"so" 'insipid', so"so"- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 795, 796-797, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iske-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to pinch, pluck out 2 pincers 3 chiselface="Times New Roman Star"1 âûùèïûâàòü 2 ùèï÷èêè, êëåùè 3 ðåçåö, äîëîòî
face="Times New Roman Star"iske- (MK) 1





face="Times New Roman Star"iska"na" 3face="Times New Roman Star"iskew 2, isga"na" 3




face="Times New Roman Star"iskex 2












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 246, VEWT 174 (Tadzh. iskana probably < Turk.), ÝÑÒß 1, 382-383.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)guface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"reedface="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä.), g|araw (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w

face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|yface="Times New Roman Star"GarGy


face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|oface="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx)













face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAramukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"cockleface="Times New Roman Star"êóêîëü
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. karamukface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|mug|face="Times New Roman Star"qarimuq











face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyqface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq




face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramc?yqface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 296-297.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.dyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pine treeface="Times New Roman Star"ñîñíà









face="Times New Roman Star"xara-xazy


face="Times New Roman Star"xyrúface="Times New Roman Star"kytyan 'juniper'
face="Times New Roman Star"xadyface="Times New Roman Star"xady









face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 291-292, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-ka.dy (borrowed in Mong. as qarag|ai 'larch').
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAn|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bendface="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòü

face="Times New Roman Star"kanyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nir- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"Ganyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"xa:ri-tart- 'to change direction, turn sharply'

















face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 194-195.
face="Times New Roman Star"*byn/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of grassface="Times New Roman Star"ñîëîäêà, ëåáåäà

face="Times New Roman Star"bojan, mejanface="Times New Roman Star"dial. myjaface="Times New Roman Star"bijan, CCum. bujanface="Times New Roman Star"mijaface="Times New Roman Star"buja
face="Times New Roman Star"bijanface="Times New Roman Star"bujan



face="Times New Roman Star"mújan



face="Times New Roman Star"myjaface="Times New Roman Star"myjaface="Times New Roman Star"myja



face="Times New Roman Star"bojan
face="Times New Roman Star"mijaface="Times New Roman Star"Åãîðîâ 131. Turk. > Kalm. buja: 'ëåáåäà', Russ. Siber. bojalyc? 'ñîëÿíêà äðåâîâèäíàÿ' Àíèêèí 125.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-ba:ka / *Kur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 toad 2 frogface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáà 2 ëÿãóøêà
face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-bag|a 1



face="Times New Roman Star"Gur-ba:Ga 2








face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 2







face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 180.
face="Times New Roman Star"*be.r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to shiver, tremble; to hate, be bored, feel aversionface="Times New Roman Star"äðîæàòü; íåíàâèäåòü, ñêó÷àòü, ÷óâñòâîâàòü îòâðàùåíèåface="Times New Roman Star"bez- (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bez- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"biz-face="Times New Roman Star"bez- (Qutb, CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"ba"z-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-, bezik-face="Times New Roman Star"bezik-




face="Times New Roman Star"biski:-


face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bid|-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 389, ÝÑÒß 2, 103-105, TMN 2, 387, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 172 (?-e:.-, -e>-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":ku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole in iceface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíüÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|u"
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"



face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"



face="Times New Roman Star"vagú




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 517, VEWT 370.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"bru"gface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"drumface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàáàíface="Times New Roman Star"ku"bru"g (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vru"g (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kewru"g (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) ku"wru" (Qutb), ku"vru"g (IM)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690-691.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lambface="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü
face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera"

face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>face="Times New Roman Star"eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir

face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri
face="Times New Roman Star"eltirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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